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Causes

German military
advise encirclement and starve policy - deny resources
Use pill-boxes
Manned road blocks

Supposedly to resist
Japanese

Nature

Encompassed

6,000 Miles
(Equivalent to marching from London to Lagos)
15 Battles
24 Rivers

Effects

Brotherhood,
Suffering, Selflessness, Determination inculcated into Communist Party
members.
Mao rises

Exposes urban
communists as abandoning successful guerrilla tactics.
Position weak
before
Voted in as
chairman Politburo session

Zhang Guoato
chooses westward route [...]

From August 1945 to the
end of 1946, the Nationalists and Communists raced to take over
Japanese-held territories, built up their forces, and fought many limited
engagements while still conducting negotiations for a peaceful settlement

American Support

Japanese to surrender only
to Chinese Nationalists

Attempts made, with
their high point in 1947 to call a truce. It involved [...]

CCP detached from outside
influence. Developed own strategy.

Sinification of
Marxism

Revolution comes
from the peasants
Red Army
Instrument of propaganda.
Code of conduct.
Tactics for
seizing control of countryside

Village seized /
infiltrated
Landowners
driven out/shot
Land reallocated
to peasants
No government
official allowed any

Party Membership grows

1937 - 40,000
1945 - 1,000,000

1942 Self Rectification
campaign.

Unless party
maintained constant against error revolution would be [...]

Reasons for CCP Victory

Communists
practiced a Spartan style of life close to the common people.
Morale remained
high in the army and was continuously bolstered by indoctrination and
effective propaganda. As they had during the war years, Communist troops
tried in many ways to win support of the masses.
In newly occupied
areas, social policy was at [...]

Nationalist Activity

Faced by huge area
of uncontrolled territory
Tried negotiations,
then launched wars against enemies
Helped by

Resources from
base
Foreign Aid
Revenue from
Maritime Customs Service

Chiang in personal
control

Factions between
Civil and Military
Balanced so that
he retained authority
Reform in Urban
China

Education System
Transportation and
Communication Systems

Decay in Rural
China

Heavy taxation
Declining
foreign markets for agricultural goods

Foreign Affairs

Unequal treaties
remain
Japan
Incursions into
Manchuria [...]