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United front

Formed because

CCP interpreted
"people’s livelihood" as meaning socialism
1923 Came together

Incidents in 1925

30 May crowd
marched in Shanghai in protest against earlier shooting of Chinese
workers by Japanese
British commander
kills 12 demonstrators in attempt at suppression
Strikes and riots
followed

Before incident
Chiang Kai-Shek becomes nationalist leader, as Sun Yatsen had died

Bigger rift
between CCP and GMD [...]

Unequal treaties

Began 1842

Hong Kong,
Taiwan, and vast areas in Siberia and Central Asia had been detached
from China. Dependencies such as Korea, Outer Mongolia, Tibet, and
Vietnam had been separated.
Christian
missionaries operated many schools, hospitals, and other philanthropic
enterprises in China, all protected by extraterritoriality

Bound by a variety
of interlocking treaties, the Chinese government [...]

Government

1905 Adopted
Constitution
After 1905 Japanese
Victory over Russia
1908 Guangxu and Cixi
dead within 24 hours of each other.
Prince Chun regent.
Continues with reforms. Very weak.
To assert his
authourity and appeal to opponents of Yuan Shikai, Yuan Shikai (General of
Bejing army) dismissed.

Actions were
intended as a sign of authourity, but were in actual [...]

GMD begins in Japan.

Three principles:

Nationalism
Democracy
(national freedom)
People’s
Livelihoods

1912 Republic

Struggle between
Beijing (Yuan Shikai) and Nanking (GMD)
GMD unable to fight
back
Influence limited to
southern China
Centre of government
in north

1915 Yuan Shikai crowned
as emperor

Generals fearful of
dictatorial methods flee
Admitting the
obvious Yuan renounces title.
Dies three months
later in 1916.

1911 Revolution

Causes

End of notion of
reform based on Chinese classics
Introduction of
social Darwinism
Growth of Education
Most of the 8,000
chinese students in Japan organised propaganda for the revolution

Nature

Military Mutiny in
Wuhan. (Double tenth (10.10.1911)

Troops ordered to
suppress dissidents refused
Spark needed
Copycat risings.

3 Provinces declare
themselves independent

Rebels gather in
Nanking to declare republic.

Manchus appealed to
Yuan Shikai, who

Appeared [...]