Causes
Mao felt that he
was in touch after travelling widely in China
"Let a
hundred flowers bloom, let a hundred schools of though contend".
Nature
Policies and
individuals attacked
On grounds of
lack of realism, corruption, inefficiency
After initial
hesitation, much criticism followed.
Eventually stopped
Effects
Critics forced to
retract
Critics forced into
re-education
Best minds lost
After the revolution
Consolidation
First Actions
Nationalisation
Banks
Public Utilities
Assets of those
that fled to Formosa
Offered
compensation to those willing to work with PRC
Administrative
Structure
Divided into Six
Regions
Led by 4
officials
Chairman
Party Secretary
Military
Commander
Political
Commissar
Central
Government
Central People’s
Government Council
56 Leading Members
6 Vice-Chairmen
1 Chairman of Council
Reunification
Campaigns
Assert power over
regions that might declare independence. . three armies dispatched.
Areas
North
South (Xinjiang)
West (Tibet)
Acts:
1950 [...]
Collectivisation
Complement to
industrialisation. Peasants had been encouraged to collectivise in 1949.
Causes
Lack of labour
Increase in
production
Nature
Division of China
China’s land
divided into 70,000 commmunes.
Each commune
divided into 750,000 brigades
Each brigade made
up of 200 households.
Centralisation
Methods, Sales and
Prices dictated by CCP.
Presentation
Presented as
response to the peasant’s wishes
Had the state
become the ultimate landlord?
Effects
Famine
Greatest Ever
No incentives
Use of [...]
Motives
Reassert authority
over CCP
Extension of
permanent revolution
Old guard had lost
their fervour
Preserve revolution
as a peasant one
Criticism of Stalin
and Cult of personality in Russia, with Kruschev
Viewed Kruschev as a
traitor to the revolution by compromising with the west and adopting
revisionism.
Convinced that the
west would attack
Course
Phase 1
Mao encourages
students to put up posters [...]
1951 Three
Anti-Movement
Attacks
Waste
Corruption
Inefficiency
1952 Five
Anti-Movement
Attacks
Industrial
Espionage
Tax Evasion
Bribery
Fraud
Theft of
Government Property
Aims to destroy
remnants of Bureaucratic Capitalist Class. Turned against those who had
helped stabilised the CRP initially, but who now were expendable.
Opposition
1949 10 Political
Parties
1952 All Gone
(including Left GMD, Democratic League)
Campaign against
Counter-Revolutionaries and Imperialists
I.e. enemies of
the state
Underworld
Gangsters
28,000 Killed in
Shanghai
80,000 [...]